Some ways of helping are:

Listening

Paying attention to the person, showing you understand and accept how she or he feels, giving them the space to think about the problem and come to their own conclusions

Counselling

As above, but also help the person to fully express how they feel and consider the problem from other perspectives. Counselling helps the person to gain new insight into her/himself and the problem and to formulate a plan.

Teaching

Passing on skills and knowledge from the helper to the client. This works best when the person wants to learn this way.

Giving information

Giving the person information so he or she can make a choice. Information that the person wants and can use is the most helpful.

Helping practically

Doing things for the client. This is most helpful when the client asks for the help and cannot do it him or herself.

Changing the system

Many problems arise from the way a system operates. Solving an individual problem, though desirable will not prevent it affecting other people. If we want the problem to stop occurring, we have to deal with the system that causes or sustains it. A head teacher could demonstrate and support values about students taking care of each other and valuing differences. This would oppose the conventional values of toughness stoicism and conformity that feed bullying.